|
|
| Cadmium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,18,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 |
| Ground state | 1S0 |
| Atomic Volume | 13.1 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.69 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.3 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.59 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 2310 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 113 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 6.11 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 100 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.020 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 96.6 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 30.8 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 203 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 2.0 |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 42 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.30 |
| Shear modulus | 19 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 50 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 7 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 2.097 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.22 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 30 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
8.993 |
| Second
|
16.908 |
| Third
|
37.48 |
| Incompatibilities | Strong oxidizers, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), hydrazoic acid (HN3), tellurium, zinc, elemental sulfur, selenium. |
| Flammability |
|
| Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
23.1736 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
22.9841 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 18.7) |
26.0955 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 4.8) |
26.6398 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 8.4) |
26.056 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
3.13373 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
3.12691 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 45) |
3.31657 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 12) |
3.52812 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 5.4) |
3.3993 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
3.3661 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 3) |
3.71686 KeV |
| Lγ2 (intensity 1) |
3.9522 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 2) |
2.956 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 5) |
2.7644 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
155 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
161 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
148 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
158 pm |
| Triple covalent
|
No data. |
| Metallic
|
151 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | IV | 0.92 | 0.78 | |
| V | 1.01 | 0.87 | ||
| VI | 1.09 | 0.95 | ||
| VII | 1.17 | 1.03 | C | |
| VIII | 1.24 | 1.1 | C | |
| XII | 1.45 | 1.31 | ||
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Cd+2 |
| Other
|
Cd+1 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
867.6 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1631 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
3616 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
5300 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
7000 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
9100 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
11100 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
14100 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
16400 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
18800 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 530 | 583 | 654 | 745 | 867 | 1040 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Hexagon close packed |
 |
a = 297.94 pm |
| b = 297.94 pm | |
| c = 297.94 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |